{"id":965,"date":"2019-10-04T16:36:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-04T14:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/?p=965"},"modified":"2021-03-24T17:53:31","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T16:53:31","slug":"autoscaling-like-a-pro-how-to-use-ec2-auto-scaling-lifecycle-hooks-the-right-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/autoscaling-like-a-pro-how-to-use-ec2-auto-scaling-lifecycle-hooks-the-right-way\/","title":{"rendered":"Autoscaling like a pro: how to use EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks, the right way."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have you ever found it useful to <strong>access an EC2 instance, belonging to an Auto Scaling Group,<\/strong> to configure it or to simply get an idea of what went wrong before an unexpected termination?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well, in those cases EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks come in handy. In this article, we will give you a deep understanding of <strong>how Lifecycle Hooks work and what are their common use cases.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Just for clarity let\u2019s review EC2 Auto Scaling&#8217;s main characteristics and features, before going in detail with EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks. <strong>EC2 Auto Scaling<\/strong> is an AWS service that allows you to <strong>adapt the number of EC2 instances, serving your application, to meet the incoming load.<\/strong> These instances are logically grouped into <strong>Auto Scaling groups<\/strong> for which you can set the <strong>minimum, maximum and desired capacity.<\/strong> If there are no scaling policies attached to the Auto Scaling group, by default it maintains the desired amount of healthy instances, performing periodic health checks. Unhealthy instances will be terminated and replaced with new ones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides manual scaling, in which you actively change minimum, maximum or desired capacity, there are two <strong>automatic scaling<\/strong> types: <strong>Scheduled Scaling and Dynamic Scaling.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Scheduled Scaling<\/strong> should be used if you know in advance how your <strong>application\u2019s traffic patterns<\/strong> behave. In this case, you have to create a rule, called scheduled action, that instructs Auto Scaling to <strong>increase and decrease the Auto Scaling group\u2019s capacity based on predicted load changes.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead, when you need to scale in response to <strong>load changes that are not predictable<\/strong> <strong>Dynamic Scaling comes to the rescue.<\/strong> It provides different policy types that you can use to instruct Auto Scaling how to react to demand changes. There are three types of Dynamic Scaling policies:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Simple Scaling;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Step Scaling<\/strong> &#8211; adjustments varies based on the size of the alarm breach;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Target Tracking Scaling<\/strong> &#8211; you can think of it as a Feedback Loop where scaling adjustments are calculated based on the gap between the metric and the target. Auto Scaling acts to keep the metric close to the target. This kind of policy is recommended in situations in which a utilization metric is proportional to the Auto Scaling group\u2019s capacity.<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-966 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-33-1024x724.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-33-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-33-400x283.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-33-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-33-1536x1087.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-33.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>If an instance belongs to an Auto Scaling group, <strong>its lifecycle differs from other EC2 instances\u2019 one.<\/strong> EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle is well illustrated in the following scheme.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-968 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-34.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"586\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-34.png 586w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-34-400x271.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/><br \/>\nWhen a new instance is <strong>launched in response to a scale-out event,<\/strong> it first enters the <strong>Pending state.<\/strong> This state is designed to allow you to configure (preferably automatically) the EC2 instance and to check its healthiness before moving into the InService state.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While into the InService state, the EC2 instance can potentially move <strong>to one of the following three states:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Detaching<\/strong> &#8211; in response to a detach request;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>EnteringStandby<\/strong> &#8211; if you want to put the instance into a Standby state;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Terminating<\/strong> &#8211; if a scale-in event occurs or if the EC2 instance fails a number of consecutive health checks sufficient to consider it unhealthy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pending, Detaching, EnteringStandby and Terminating can be considered <strong>transitional states<\/strong> that anticipate, respectively, <strong>InService, Detached, StandBy and Terminated states.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Pending and Terminating transitional states can be paused<\/strong> through EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks, to perform custom logics during instances\u2019 launch or termination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pending state\u2019s Lifecycle Hook is called <strong>EC2_INSTANCE_LAUNCHING<\/strong> and it handles <strong>Pending:Wait<\/strong> and <strong>Pending:Proceed<\/strong> additional states.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the same way, Terminating the state\u2019s Lifecycle Hook is called <strong>EC2_INSTANCE_TERMINATING<\/strong> and it handles <strong>Terminating:Wait<\/strong> and <strong>Terminating:Proceed<\/strong> additional states.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In both cases, EC2 instances remain in a Wait state until the <strong>timeout period<\/strong> ends. There is also the possibility to conclude the Lifecycle Hook and continue to the next state before the timeout period expires.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lifecycle Hook\u2019s result can be either <strong>CONTINUE or ABANDON.<\/strong> EC2_INSTANCE_LAUNCHING\u2019s result determines whether the instance should be terminated or put into InService state. On the other hand, EC2_INSTANCE_TERMINATING\u2019s result does not affect EC2 instance\u2019s lifecycle; it always ends up in the Terminated state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may be wondering why you should <strong>hook Pending and Terminating states<\/strong>! Well, it obviously depends on your application scenario.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following are some of the common use cases where pausing Pending, Terminating or both transitional states is helpful.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pending state hook<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instance configuration<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As mentioned before, you can pause an EC2 instance lifecycle to Pending state and configure it before it moves to InService state. This is critical when the setup takes considerable time, <strong>avoiding the instance to receive requests when it is not yet ready to handle them.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, AWS CodeDeploy service relies on EC2_INSTANCE_LAUNCHING lifecycle hook to manage application deployments to EC2 instances that belong to an Auto Scaling group. This behavior is perfectly described in the AWS DevOps Blog\u2019s article \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/blogs\/devops\/under-the-hood-aws-codedeploy-and-auto-scaling-integration\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Hood: AWS CodeDeploy and Auto Scaling Integration<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This mechanism actually works also for custom solutions, such as configuration scripts embedded in EC2 instances\u2019 User Data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terminating state hook<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Log files download<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A: \u201cThe EC2 instance is down! \u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B: \u201cOk, let\u2019s find the cause.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A: \u201cEhm\u2026 logs were on the instance. We\u2019ve no other copy of them.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well, if your common practice is to exploit an agent to push logs periodically to another place, you will never end up in such a situation. But you know, bad things happen!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B: \u201cSure! The log exporting agent was installed on it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A: \u201cYes, but it seems it wasn\u2019t working. Maybe it crashed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this case, EC2_INSTANCE_TERMINATING hook allows you to upload logs to another place, for example, an S3 bucket.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What went wrong?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes it can be useful to log into an EC2 instance to understand what went wrong. Using EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks, an SNS Topic and a Lambda Function, you can easily set up a system that notifies you when an unhealthy instance is terminated. The role of the Lambda Function is to let the instance\u2019s lifecycle proceed if it is healthy and to notify the user if it is unhealthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hands-on!<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now we will demonstrate <strong>how to set up an EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hook<\/strong> that waits until initial configuration completes before putting a new instance to InService state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The configuration step is represented by a User Data script, defined in the Auto Scaling group\u2019s Launch Template.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apt update &amp;&amp; \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apt install snapd &amp;&amp; \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">snap install aws-cli --classic &amp;&amp; \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apt install -y apache2 &amp;&amp; \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ufw allow 'Apache' &amp;&amp; \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSTANCE_ID=\"`wget -q -O - http:\/\/instance-data\/latest\/meta-data\/instance-id`\" &amp;&amp; \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/snap\/bin\/aws autoscaling complete-lifecycle-action --lifecycle-action-result CONTINUE --instance-id $INSTANCE_ID --lifecycle-hook-name test-hook --auto-scaling-group-name test-asg --region eu-west-1 || \\<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/snap\/bin\/aws autoscaling complete-lifecycle-action --lifecycle-action-result ABANDON --instance-id $INSTANCE_ID --lifecycle-hook-name test-hook --auto-scaling-group-name test-asg --region eu-west-1<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The User Data is going to <strong>install Apache Web Server on Ubuntu 18.04.<\/strong> When the installation is completed, it harvests the instance-id and uses it to complete the lifecycle action with CONTINUE result, which tells to the Auto Scaling group to put the instance into InService state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If anything goes wrong, <strong>complete-lifecycle-action<\/strong> command will be invoked with <strong>ABANDON<\/strong> result, telling the Auto Scaling group to terminate the instance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take care of <strong>&#8211;lifecycle-hook-name<\/strong> and <strong>&#8211;auto-scaling-group-name<\/strong> parameters\u2019 values used in the configuration script; they should correspond, respectively, to the name of the EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hook and to the name of the EC2 Auto Scaling group that you are going to create later.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Firstly, you have to create a <strong>new Launch Template,<\/strong> specifying <strong>ubuntu\/images\/hvm-ssd\/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20190722.1<\/strong> as the source AMI and the configuration script, described above, as User Data field.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then, you can create a new Auto Scaling group based on the just created Launch Template. During the Auto Scaling group configuration, specify one or more subnets in which the EC2 instances will have internet access to. <strong>Otherwise, they will not be able to install Apache Web Server.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before moving on, make sure that the Auto Scaling group\u2019s initial DesiredCapacity and min parameters\u2019 values are set to zero; the initial max parameter\u2019s value can be set to one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Move to the Auto Scaling group\u2019s Lifecycle Hooks tab and click the Create Lifecycle Hook button. Configure the lifecycle hook as illustrated in the picture below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-970 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-35-1024x526.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-35-1024x526.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-35-400x205.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-35-768x394.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/unnamed-35.png 1067w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To test the lifecycle hook\u2019s behavior, increase the DesiredCapacity parameter\u2019s value by one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A new instance will be added to the Auto Scaling group. Under the Auto Scaling group\u2019s Instances tab, you should see the newly created instance\u2019s Lifecycle column set to Pending:Wait. That means the instance\u2019s lifecycle is paused to the Pending state until complete-lifecycle-action command is invoked from the User Data script.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the Status column changes to InService, log into the new EC2 instance through SSH. To check the status of the Apache Web Server, type <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nsudo systemctl status apache2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nIf the response of this command is something like&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> apache2.service &#8211; The Apache HTTP Server<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Loaded: loaded (\/lib\/systemd\/system\/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0Drop-In: \/lib\/systemd\/system\/apache2.service.d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2514\u2500apache2-systemd.conf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-10-02 12:56:20 UTC; 3min 30s ago<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Main PID: 3334 (apache2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Tasks: 55 (limit: 1125)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CGroup: \/system.slice\/apache2.service<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u251c\u25003334 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u251c\u25003336 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2514\u25003337 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2026 it means <strong>you have successfully installed Apache Web Server on your Ubuntu 18.04<\/strong> instance during the instance lifecycle\u2019s Pending:Wait state; the instance changed its state to InService only after a successful configuration!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satified?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this article, we focused on how Lifecycle Hooks work and how they can come in handy in everyday dev-life. Did you try any further configuration? Tell us more in the comments!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See you, guys!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you ever found it useful to access an EC2 instance, belonging to an Auto Scaling Group, to configure it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[482],"tags":[318,320],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.9.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Autoscaling like a pro: how to use EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks, the right way. - Proud2beCloud Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Autoscaling like a pro: in this article we&#039;ll focus on how Lifecycle Hooks work and how they can come in handy in everyday dev-life\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/autoscaling-like-a-pro-how-to-use-ec2-auto-scaling-lifecycle-hooks-the-right-way\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autoscaling like a pro: how Lifecycle Hooks work and how they can come in handy in everyday dev-life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/autoscaling-like-a-pro-how-to-use-ec2-auto-scaling-lifecycle-hooks-the-right-way\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Proud2beCloud Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-04T14:36:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-03-24T16:53:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/ec2blog_Tavola-disegno-1-copia-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1668\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eric Villa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Autoscaling like a pro: how Lifecycle Hooks work and how they can come in handy in everyday dev-life\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/ec2blog_Tavola-disegno-1-copia-2.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eric Villa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/autoscaling-like-a-pro-how-to-use-ec2-auto-scaling-lifecycle-hooks-the-right-way\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.besharp.it\/autoscaling-like-a-pro-how-to-use-ec2-auto-scaling-lifecycle-hooks-the-right-way\/\",\"name\":\"Autoscaling like a pro: how to use EC2 Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks, the right way. - 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